TV Violence A Cause of Abnormal Behavior - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 885 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Television Violence Essay Did you like this example? Television is viewed by millions of people around the world on a daily basis. Every time you turn a television on, you witness explosions from bombings, threats, just violence in general, and that is just from the news channel itself. But television is not just bad, it could be beneficial as well. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "TV Violence A Cause of Abnormal Behavior" essay for you Create order Media has also been shown to reduce stress, inspire creativity and promote healthy living. But how exactly is television affecting us on a day to day basis? Television affects people because it has been known to promote fear, shows risky behavior that can affect a childs actions, and affect brain development. Fear is an unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or something dangerous is likely to be a threat. People have been afraid of many things since they were a child, but why is that? Fear has been known to be promoted by television. According to Television Opposing Viewpoints, violent programming encourages hostile behavior and leads people to think of the world as threatening and dangerous(Gale, 19). This shows that watching the news for example from a childs point of view makes them believe that the world is scary or even watching a scary movie could make them be afraid of the dark. Although there is nothing bad with having fear, there could be some good things that come from being afraid. Being afraid guides us towards what is important to us and motivates us into doing action. It also triggers reflexes that allows you to know what is right from what is wrong. For example according to Lifehacks.org, it could increase your survival rate like how your ancestors ran away f rom a tiger as a way to survive because of the fear of being eaten. Fear is what kept them alive but could also lead to risky behavior because being afraid of the outside world leads them to turn to other forms of solution to try to get away from fear. Risky behavior is said to those who expose themselves or others into harm. It is another thing affecting a childs behavior due to television. Drug abuse is an example of risky behavior that comes with consequences. Advertisements of alcohol abuse are seen every day as well as drug abuse such as smoking. Smoking advertisements were banned due to the fact that cigarette advertising have restricted their coverage of smoking and health in the 1970s according to Pubmed.gov. Even though we dont see smoking advertisements anymore, you could often see people abusing this substance in television programs and movies. Many children who watch television more than five hours see people abusing the substance and makes them believe that smoking could be okay to use. The same goes with liquor, but unlike cigarettes, you see liquor advertisements daily. According to Whyy.org a recent study by the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth found that adolescent presentation to liquor ads on TV expanded by 30 percent from 2001 to 2006. Watching programs with drug abuse as a child make them more likely for them to abuse in their early teens. Smoking at a young age causes it to be more likely to have lung cancer due to the inhaling of the smoke and seeing beer and liquor advertisements on television may promote early age drinking which could later lead to alcohol-related problems. Drug abuse could also cause problems in the brain. The brain is a complex organ made up of more than a hundred billion nerves. The brain is very important to us and television could be a big factor that affects its development. According to Urbanchildinstitute.org about two-thirds of children age six and under watch television every day, usually for around two hours. Infants exposure to television has been linked to delayed language development and kindergarten readiness skills. Urban child institute also says that TV use at age three has been linked to behavior problems and to long-term effects on social development, classroom engagement, and academic achievement. This states that watching too much television at a really early age could mean children putting in less effort into school which could be bad for them later on in life. Irregular sleeping habits could also affect the brain because it is allowing people to have less sleep and therefore their brain will not functioning correctly during the day. As much as there is bad things that are involved in watching television at a young age, there are also good things that come with watching it so young. Watching television at a young age could encourage active viewing. According to Childmind.org Strategies that actively engage young children during screen time include asking open-ended questions and also knowing to pause play. In conclusion, television affects people because it has been known to promote fear, shows risky behavior that can affect a childs actions, and affect brain development. Although there are more reasons why television affects people, there are also many reason why watching television could be good for you. Media has been shown to reduce stress, inspire creativity and promote healthy living. Media could also encourage active viewing. More than two-thirds of children watch at least two hours or more of television everyday. This could lead them to the exposure of drugs and alcohol abuse, unwanted fear or aggression, and affect brain development.

How Drug Trafficking Effects the United States Essay

ENG 122 March 11, 2012 How Drug Trafficking Effects the United States Drug trafficking in the United States has established itself to be one of the most profitable businesses in today’s world (U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency, 2004). There is such a high demand as more people buy, use and sell drugs for a variety of reasons, not really knowing all the risk that are at stake. With new laws in affect and more determined citizens of the U.S. everyone can help keep the streets clean. Drug trafficking is at an all-time high and must be brought to a halt. The country’s borders make the most important part in the process of reducing drug trafficking in the U.S. Drug law enforcement agencies face enormous challenges when it comes to†¦show more content†¦Also, many scientific studies support the connection between drug use and crime. One study investigated state prisoners who had five or more convictions. It was found that four out of every five of them used drugs on a regular basis. With that being said legalizing drugs would definitely increase crime and social problems. Drug Cartels are large highly sophisticated organizations composed of multiple Drug Trafficking Organizations-DTOs and cells with specific assignments such as drug transportation or security. The Cartel is the highest on the drug ring chart and these organizations are highly defined with control structures that produce, transport, and distribute large quantities of illicit drugs (US Drug Enforcement Agency, 2004). The criminal groups operating in the U.S. controls drugs in the ranges of small to moderately size groups. The top three levels of the drug trafficking chart show how organized the criminals are and how much is at stake. The trafficking ring has affected so many lives, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). These trafficked drugs affect people on every socio-economic background, region, and people with any level education. Early use of illicit drugs leads to unhealthy behavior and it is also associated with unwanted pregnancy and premature sexu al activity which results in exposure to STDs and or HIV. The U.S. suffers an annual loss of about 70 billion dollars due toShow MoreRelatedDrug Trafficking And The Criminal Justice System1272 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explains the consequences that drug traffickers face in today’s criminal justice system; those consequences being classed as controlled substances, federal trafficking sentences, offender and offense characteristics, and the effects of illegal drug trade on society. When the federal government labels a substance as controlled, this means the possession and distribution of these substances are governed by law. These laws are formulated in accordance with 21 U.S. Code  § 811 – 814 - AuthorityRead MoreDrug Trafficking877 Words   |  4 PagesDrug Trafficking in the United States Americans like to hide thoughts of the bad in society, one of these thoughts often hid or forget about is drug trafficking. Drug trafficking effects everyone from the one-percent down to the people of poverty. Billions of dollars of drugs are bought and sold, with billions more being spent to fight the trafficking of illicit drugs in the United State. With all the money spent to prevent drug trafficking Americans need to understand the harmful effects. Drug TraffickingRead MoreIllicit Drug Trafficking : An Organized Crime1481 Words   |  6 Pagesthis paper was to gather research of the topic called illicit drug trafficking. It explores 10 online research articles and websites that relate to illicit drug trafficking. These articles however, vary in their research about the topic. It begins by stating how illicit drug trafficking is considered an organized crime. Two of the main drugs that are trafficked are cocaine and heroin. As a result of drug trafficking, the war on drugs has be en a problem for many decades in different countries. Read MoreDrug Trafficking During The United States Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pages Drug trafficking has been an ongoing epidemic in the United States, as well us other countries for an unimaginable amount of time. Illegal drugs varying from heroin and cocaine are primarily the main drugs that get smuggled in the United States from South America. Even marijuana and methamphetamine have been popular in the drug smuggling â€Å"industry†. These gangs go to a variety of different extents to get the job done. Drug trafficking increases the violence levels These drugs have been smuggledRead MoreAn Illegal Mexican Immigrant Immigrants1505 Words   |  7 Pagesin the United States says, â€Å"To be truthful, I have no idea of precisely where this train goes, other than it takes us to el norte† (Griffin 363+). The fact that each night literally hundreds of men and women clamber over the barricade is testament to its ineffectiveness and to the irresistible pull of United States jobs â€Å"that on average pay eight times their equivalent in Mexico† (Grif fin 363+ ). Javier Ortega, a 40-year-old auto body repairman from Guadalajara, says, It doesn t matter how many peopleRead Moreâ€Å"The War On Drugs Is A Big Fucking Lie†. In Recent History,1560 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The war on drugs is a big fucking lie† In recent history, there has been much rhetoric surrounding the eradication of cross-border drug trafficking. 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Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pagespercent from 2006 to 2014 (â€Å"Unpacking pot†, 2016). The fact is that drugs, not just marijuana, are a big part of not just Americans lives, but everyone around the world. There are a couple major issues with drugs in our society; drug trafficking, drug use in schools, driving while impaired, and on the streets. It is getting out of control for the government and police departments to contain. There are so many places for people to hide drugs without getting detected. Stricter laws and more patrol needsRead MoreFilm Review : Human Trafficking1508 Words   |  7 Pagescircle of human trafficking. Movies like the blockbuster hit Taken dramatized the storyline in order focus on Liam Neeson’s character who is a father and a retired CIA agent that utilizes his skills to get his daughter back from the possession of sex traffickers. 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Case Study Of Of Mr. Rathin Bhai Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Parkinson Disease Of Mr. Rathin Bhai. Answer: Introduction Clinical reasoning cycle is a tool used by healthcare professionals in Australia. This tool helps the nurse in assisting their treatments of the patients by helping them in clinical reasoning, clinical judgement, problem solving as well as decision making and critical thinking (Dalton Gee and Levett-Jones 2015). By this process the nurse mainly follows sequential pattern of collecting cues about the patient, processing the information coming to an understanding of the patient. It also helps the patient to plan and implement interventions followed by evaluation of the outcomes and then reflecting on the procedure to develop skill and knowledge (Hnter and Arthur 2016). This assignment would thereby show a how a nurse can use the cycle effectively to handle a case of Parkinson diseases effectively and how a sequential procedure helped her to provide e better quality life to the patient. Patients information This step mainly helps the nurse to describe as well as list different facts about the patient. Mr.Ratin Bhai is an 87 year old man who is a widower as his wife has passed away a year ago he has migrated from India to Australia before 1946 and is residing in a two storey house on the superannuation which he has self managed to this day. He has no children. However he has a brother named Niraj and his family lives close by. However he does not want them to bother due to the recent tremor he is facing in his regular life. This is creating issues for his daily activities like cooking food, making cup of tea, doing buttons and others. He has hypothyroids which affected him 4 years ago. However, it is well managed by proper medication. Collection of cues This step mainly helps the nurse to review his current information, gathering new information about the patient and then recalling knowledge in order to understand the patients information. Mr. Ratin Bhai is an old man who is performing all his activities by himself. At such age, old men are highly vulnerable to development of tremor like symptoms as this age often project them to the chance of developing Parkinsons disease. The GP has asked the nurse to check that whether he is having the correct medication is because researchers have seen that when patients do not report hypoglycaemia properly with medication, it may lead to hand tremors. It is very essential to check out that whether he is taking the thyroid medication properly or whether his symptoms of hand tremors are the results of improper hypothyroid medication (Weerkamp et al. 2014) Process information This step mainly involves interpreting and analysing the data which is collected from the signs and symptoms discriminate and distinguish relevant information from the irrelevant information. This is then followed by relating, inferring from the opinions and then matching them with the patient situation and thereby predicting outcome (Kovisto et al. 2016). It is found that the patient is correctly maintaining his medication. His issues with the hand tremor is worsening day by day and this gradual worsening of the symptoms suggest that he is gradually affected by a different disorder and not by improper medication,. By relating thenursing knowledge, the nurse should try to match the knowledge of symptoms of different diseases and relate the present symptom of the patient with her knowledge (Safarpour et al. 2015). As people age, a large number of them face symptoms like slight tremor or shaking of their limbs, finger, thumb , hand and others, change of handwritings, loss of the sensat ion of smell, issues in sleeping procedures, issues in moving and walking, constipation, low or soft voice, dizziness and others. These are all the symptoms of Parkinson diseases. It is found by the nurse that the patient suffers from symptoms of los of mobility and hand tremor which are very similar to that of Parkinsons diseases. Hence, it can be concluded that Mr. Bhai is suffering from the disorder of Parkinson. Identification of problems When a patient suffers from Parkinson disease, it is seen that certain nerve cells of the brain called neurons gradually undergo destruction and break down or may die (Liaou et al. 2016). Loss of these neurons result in the les production or abnormal production of an important chemical messenger called dopamine. Due to lowering down of the dopamine levels, it is seen that there is also occurrence of abnormal brain activity. These lead to different symptoms of Parkinsons diseases. The main risk factors that lead to the occurrence of such a disorder is the age. It manly begins in middle age or late age and the risk increases with age. As the patient is quite aged in the case study, there is high possibility that he is affected by Parkinson disorder (Kuipr et al. 2016). Another important risk factor that matches with the patient condition is sex. Males are more prone to develop the disorder than females and therefore it is of high chance that the patient is suffering from this disorder only. In the present day, no specific test exists which would help in diagnosing the condition of patient on specifically. Here the healthcare professional needs to be trained in nervous system conditions to diagnose the medical history, a review of the different signs and symptoms as well as different neurological and physical symptoms to finalise on the occurrence of the disorder. Imaging tests such as MRI, ultrasound of the brain as well as PET and Scan can be conducted for differential diagnosis in order to cut out the chance of developing any other neurological disorders (Ahlskog, 2014). On diagnosis of this disorder, cabidopa-levodopa is given so that the patients getting relief from the symptoms confirm the presence of the Parkinson disorder in him. Setting of goals The main symptom that are noticed in the patient which needs to be addressed by the nurse in order to provide care to the patient is the symptom of than tremor which is making him unable to perform different activities. Secondly, it is also important to maintain his movements and locomotion as his restricted mobility is interrupting his hobbies of tour and resulting in poor quality life (Skelly et al. 2015). Therefore the primary goal is to help him maintain the symptom of hand tremors so that his, life becomes easy and he can conduct different activities with as much independence as possible. The second goal would be to develop his mobility so that he can travel properly and conduct different activities which would help him to be free from restrictions and enjoy love independently without anyones help (Landi et al. 2014). Taking actions In order to provide the right interventions to the patient who is in the initial stage of Parkinson diseases, evidence based practices should be followed by the nurses so the best outcomes are observed in the patient. For developing the mobility of the person, the nurse should first instruct the patient with techniques that would initiate movement. This is because rocking form side to side would help him to start leg movement (Caning et al. 2015). The nurse should also instruct him to concentration his Walking with an erect position with the use of a wide based gait. A conscious effort must be made to develop the swinging of the arms, raising the felt while walking, using a heel toe placement of the feet with long strides. The patient should be also instructed to perform daily exercise which will in turn help in increasing the muscle strength as well as helping in walking, riding a stationary bike, gardening and also swimming. This will prevent any sort of contractures which may resu lt when; muscles are not used extensively over a period of time. It will also help in coordination and dexterity. Moreover the patient should be also instructed to undertake exercise and walking programs which will ultimately help in delaying the progress of the disease (Martinex and Gonsalez 2014). The patient should be also taught to sit on chairs which have back rest and arm rest. This will help him in rising form a sitting position as well as prevention of falls. The other intervention would have to instruct the patient to raise the head out of the bed and making position changes slowly. The patient should be also taught to dangle the legs few times before standing. He should also avoid dehydration and thereby maintain adequate dietary salt. These will help to reduce orthostatic hypotension. The nurse may also instruct him to take warm baths and massages which would help in relaxing muscles spasm which accompany rigidity. He should also be referred to physical therapist. For the development of hand tremors, the arms should be maintained as close as possible to the body as possible. The more the proximal stability and input which are provided to the affected arms of the patient, it would be more helpful for minimise of the tremors during different functional activities. The patients should be instructed to stabilise the arms on the surface when working. He should eliminate multi-working. Often standing and working creates difficulty and when such work is done in a sitting position, it enables the body to better manage the tremors (Shin and Haberman 2017). Besides, to control tremor as well as rigidity, pharmacologic management is very important but care should be taken that it does not lead to drug toxicity. Stresses should also be maintained. Evaluation of outcomes In order to develop an idea about how the patient is being benefitted from the interventions, it is very important for the nurse to evaluate the effects of the interventions. The patient would be given a time frame of a fortnight to undertake the interventions as educated by the nurse (Gage et al. 2014). Then the patient should be then asked for another visit where the nurse would come into the discussion of how effectively he could carry out the interventions and what were the problems faced by him. Moreover, he will also be diagnosed for the development of the symptoms. If no effective result is got, the nurse would modify her interventions accordingly to achieve the best health for the patient (Tan et al. 2014). Reflection: While handling the patient, I was effective in diagnosing the disorder of the patient. I was correctly able to link the symptoms with the disorder and also conducted differential diagnosis to rule out the symptoms of the disorders. Moreover the clinical reasoning cycle had made the entire procedure much easier as it helped in the sequential analyses of the cases and also helps in providing interventions successfully. However, my knowledge of the way of applying evidence based knowledge helped me to correctly find the right interventions which are in lieu with the modern day interventions and also helped the patient in developing the quality life of the patient. However, this experience would help me in further endeavours with patients of the same disorder and helped me to gather experiences that helped me to develop my modern skills. Conclusion: Form he entire case scenario, it is seen that the patient is in the primary stage of Parkinson diseases. The patient also has hypoglycaemia, but the symptoms are well managed. The main issue faced by the patient is the occurrence of hand tremors and also his immobility which are affecting the quality of his life. After properly relating the patients symptoms with the knowledge acquired by the nurse in her practices, she first realised that he was suffering from Parkinson disorders. Following these, goals were set followed by appropriate interventions that helps him to overcome restrict td mobility and hand tremor symptoms. The nurse should also evaluate properly the outcomes and then reflect to gather knowledge from the practices and ensuring her skills. A nurse who follows the clinical reasoning cycle would be able to handle every adverse disorder properly and emerge out victorious in providing the patient with better quality life. References: Ahlskog, J.E., 2014, July. Parkinson disease treatment in hospitals and nursing facilities: avoiding pitfalls. InMayo Clinic Proceedings(Vol. 89, No. 7, pp. 997-1003). Elsevier. Canning, C.G., Sherrington, C., Lord, S.R., Close, J.C., Heritier, S., Heller, G.Z., Howard, K., Allen, N.E., Latt, M.D., Murray, S.M. and O'Rourke, S.D., 2015. Exercise for falls prevention in Parkinson disease A randomized controlled trial.Neurology,84(3), pp.304-312. Dalton, L., Gee, T. and Levett-Jones, T., 2015. Using clinical reasoning and simulation-based education to'flip'the Enrolled Nurse curriculum.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,33(2), p.29. Gage, H., Grainger, L., Ting, S., Williams, P., Chorley, C., Carey, G., Borg, N., Bryan, K., Castleton, B., Trend, P. and Kaye, J., 2014. Specialist rehabilitation for people with Parkinsons disease in the community: a randomised controlled trial. Hunter, S. and Arthur, C., 2016. Clinical reasoning of nursing students on clinical placement: Clinical educators' perceptions.Nurse education in practice,18, pp.73-79. Koivisto, J.M., Multisilta, J., Niemi, H., Katajisto, J. and Eriksson, E., 2016. Learning by playing: A cross-sectional descriptive study of nursing students' experiences of learning clinical reasoning.Nurse education today,45, pp.22-28. Kuiper, R., Pesut, D.J. and Arms, T.E., 2016.Clinical reasoning and care coordination in advanced practice nursing. Springer Publishing Company. Landi, F., Dell'Aquila, G., Collamati, A., Martone, A.M., Zuliani, G., Gasperini, B., Eusebi, P., Lattanzio, F. and Cherubini, A., 2014. Anticholinergic drug use and negative outcomes among the frail elderly population living in a nursing home.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,15(11), pp.825-829. Liou, S.R., Liu, H.C., Tsai, H.M., Tsai, Y.H., Lin, Y.C., Chang, C.H. and Cheng, C.Y., 2016. The development and psychometric testing of a theory?based instrument to evaluate nurses perception of clinical reasoning competence.Journal of advanced nursing,72(3), pp.707-717. Martnez-Gonzlez, N.A., Djalali, S., Tandjung, R., Huber-Geismann, F., Markun, S., Wensing, M. and Rosemann, T., 2014. Substitution of physicians by nurses in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC health services research,14(1), p.214. Safarpour, D., Thibault, D.P., DeSanto, C.L., Boyd, C.M., Dorsey, E.R., Racette, B.A. and Willis, A.W., 2015. Nursing home and end-of-life care in Parkinson disease.Neurology,85(5), pp.413-419. Shin, J.Y. and Habermann, B., 2017. Nursing Research in Parkinsons Disease From 2006 to 2015: A Systematic Review.Clinical nursing research,26(2), pp.142-156. Skelly, R., Brown, L., Fakis, A. and Walker, R., 2015. Hospitalization in Parkinson's disease: a survey of UK neurologists, geriatricians and Parkinson's disease nurse specialists.Parkinsonism related disorders,21(3), pp.277-281. Tan, S.B., Williams, A.F. and Kelly, D., 2014. Effectiveness of multidisciplinary interventions to improve the quality of life for people with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review.International journal of nursing studies,51(1), pp.166-174. Weerkamp, N.J., Tissingh, G., Poels, P.J., Zuidema, S.U., Munneke, M., Koopmans, R.T. and Bloem, B.R., 2014. Parkinson disease in long term care facilities: a review of the literature.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,15(2), pp.90-94.

Teleoperators and Virtual Environments †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Teleoperators and Virtual Environments. Answer: Introduction This essay`s topic points out its essence. It aims to provide a critical analysis of Waitemata DHB. The essay will achieve this by looking at several aspects of its general operations. The essay is structured into three parts namely: part one, part two and part three respectively. Each part`s content is outlined below: Who they are and their experience Critical analysis of what they do and where they fit in the health sector Part two: SWOT Analysis Part three: Conclusion Waitemata DHB is one entity among the 20 DHBs started under the Health and Disability Act of 2000. The organization provides health services to 598,000 Waitakere, North Shore, and Rodney residents. This huge number of beneficiaries has given the organization immense experience in the health sector in the country. Additionally, it has over three years of experience in providing hyperbaric oxygen therapy services nationally. This is highly remarkable considering that the country`s population is huge as well as the demand for such a service. However, regardless of this commendable experience, it has not been able to reach all the people who require such services countrywide. Critical analysis of what they do and where they fit within the health sector It is the chief provider of health services to 598,000 residents of Waitakere, North Shore, and Rodney. Waitemata DHB is the greatest and rapidly expanding DHB of all in the country. This means that it holds a key position in the provision of health services in the nation, particularly within the northern regions. Such health services include alcohol and drug services and dental service among others (Hatcher, Sharon, Parag, Collins, 2011). However, this expansive nature of the organization is still quite unbeneficial to a majority of the citizens. That is, despite the organization growing at an impressive rate, there are still many people who do not access the health services offered. This is particularly because its operations are concentrated within the northern regions of the country. The organization`s operations cover fairly immense geographical areas which include Wellsford in the north, Auckland Harbour Ridge in the south, the west coast beaches of Piha, Muriwai and Karekare and Whangaparaoa in the east. This implies that the health concerns of the residents in these areas are catered for by Waitemata DHB. As such, the health inequalities in these areas are mitigated, the health of the communities is enhanced and efficacious health provision generally (Boyd, McKernon, Mullin, Old, 2012). However, much needs to be done to cover as many regions as possible. This will require a diligent strategic planning which is inclusive. Waitemata DHB provides a wide array of health services. For instance, it provides forensic psychiatric services, child dental services, alcohol and drug services and school dental services to the general Auckland region. Additionally, it has been providing hyperbaric oxygen therapy services nationally since 2013. They also provide other services by contracting other DHBs especially Auckland DHB and nearly 600 other community providers. Nevertheless, the organization needs to increase the variety of health services that it can provide by itself without necessarily contracting other organizations for the services. It is possible to diversify its services (Pearce Dorlig, 2006). This may take a while, but it is necessary. It has funding, planning and outcomes Division which evaluates its population`s health need and identify the mix and range of services that need to be procured within the accessible funding and particular financial limitations. This is commendable since it helps in prudent decision making when using the available financial resources. It promotes optimization of service provision. However, this Division has to be more inclusive and diverse to ensure all the pressing needs are met with the available funds (Dixon, et al., 2015). The organization works with chief stakeholders, service providers, clinical leaders and the community to identify prioritized needs which are then balance alongside regional and national priorities. This is greatly commendable. It ensures inclusive planning. SWOT analysis describes an acronym that stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (Alan, 2016). He adds that strengths and weaknesses comprise internal factors while opportunities and threats involve external factors. Similarly, according to (Kim, 2005), SWOT analysis is indispensable in every organization for its successful operation. The SWOT analysis based on the organization`s experience is demystified below. Strengths Weaknesses Ability to cater for health needs of 598,000 people Several years of experience in offering health services Incapacity to equally cater for other regions Opportunities Threats Limited number of people who benefit from its services relative to the nation`s population Increasing the number of people who require their services SWOT analysis for health care organizations needs attention (Rockwell Alton, 2003). Similarly, its success is critical (Wijngaarden, Scholten, Wijk, 2012). The SWOT analysis based on its position and operations is given below. Strengths Weaknesses It is a major health service provider in the country Its growth rate is impressive Co-operate with other stakeholders in decision making It provides a wide range of health services Ability to contract other health providers Inability to contract other health providers Opportunities Threats Existence of regions that need its services Competition from other DHBs Financial limitations Conclusion The organization has immense experience in offering health services to the northern region residents and nationally at large. It is the biggest and highly growing DHB among the rest in the health sector. Its operations cover quite a large geographical region. Additionally, it offers different health services, has a functional funding, planning and outcomes Division and co-operates with key stakeholders. Essentially, they are critical players in the health sector especially in bridging the universal health provision gap. References Alan, S. (2016). SWOT Analysis. Lulu.com. Boyd, H., McKernon, S., Mullin, B., Old, A. (2012). Improving healthcare through the use of co-design. The Newzealand Medical Journal (Online), 1357. Dixon, J., Ahn, E., Zhou, L., Lim, R., Simpson, D., Merriman, G. (2015). Venous thromboembolism rates in patients undergoing major hip and knee joint surgery at Waitemata District Health Board: a retrospective audit. Internal medicine journal, 416-422. Hatcher, S., Sharon, C., Parag, V., Collins, N. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for people who present to hospital with self-harm: Zelen-randomized controlled trial. The British journal of psychiatry. Kim, J. (2005). A SWOT Analysis of the field of virtual reality rehabilitation and therapy. Presence: Teleoperators and virtual environments, 119-146. Pearce, J., Dorlig, D. (2006). Increasing geographical inequalities in health in New Zealand 1980-2001. International journal of Epidemiology, 597-603. Rockwell, S., Alton, J. (2003). Managment of hospitals and health services: strategic issues and performance. Beard Books. Wijngaarden, D., Scholten, R., Wijk, P. (2012). Strategic analysis for health care organizations: the suitability of SWOT-analysis. The international journal of health planning and management, 34-49.

School elections free essay sample

Behind every unmotivated employee is a leadership problem waiting to be solved. Yet many leaders see motivation as a game of rewards and punishment. Forget the cash. Forget the threats. To engage today’s workforce, a leader is well advised to seek the heart of what moves people: their three basic psychological needs. What About Sales Incentives? Variable compensation—commissions, bonuses, incentives, and so on—is a given in sales organizations. Self-Determination Theory recognizes the reality of externalmotivators in a sales environment, and advises that to support internal motivation in salespeople, how the leader uses these incentives makes all the difference. Salespeople can suffer serious psychological harm if sales leaders overemphasize incentives to pressure or â€Å"motivate† people to reach sales goals. In these cases, salespeople experience stress and burnout, focus less on customers and more on money, and can resort to unethical actions to gain the rewards Observing these problems, many leaders assume thatemployees, having secured food and shelter, become passive. We will write a custom essay sample on School elections or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So these leaders try to control employees with threats of punishment or with external rewards, including bonuses, wage incentives, or promotions. While it’s safe to say that many leaders will continue using these methods to motivate employees, literally scores of peer-reviewed studies since the 1970s have confirmed the negative impact of external rewards. Among the startling findings: 1. Rewards consistently undermine sustained, longterm motivation and performance. Rewards for something employees already like to do especially undermine motivation and performance. 3. Rewards make it more difficult for employees to be creative and solve complex problems. Consider a simple example. In the 1993 Wimbledon final, Jana Novotna led the great Steffi Graf 6-7, 6-1, and was serving at 40-30 for a 5-1 lead in the final set. But Novotna double-faulted, then lost the game, and 10 minutes later lost the match. Any or all of the SDT findings may have figured into Novatna’s collapse:

Analyzing the Racial Policing Debate Essays - Crime Prevention

Analyzing the Racial Policing Debate Essays - Crime Prevention Analyzing the Racial Policing Debate Immanuel Masai 1 st Period Strongest Argument Heather Mac Donald's strongest argument to the argument th at policing is biased was, the reason people of color encounter the police often is because they are responding to the outcry of the community therefore the police are not being biased on whom they police but rather just doing what they are called to do by the people. The reason this make sense is , she provides data to prove that people of color commit more crimes than white people. Ms. Mac Donald's argument is also logical and does not take a genius to see that there is a clear correlation between the two (crime and police presence). Gloria Browne-Marshall's strongest argument was, when you back track policing and how it became to be you could see that it came to be when white people who owned slaved need to retrieve runaways. Therefore, when policing began in the United States its aim was to enforce the law (which itself biased towards people of color) on people of color. Time progressed and as policing became part of the government's way to enforce the law and it carried over time its bias against people of color and that bias is still present today. Logical Fallacious There was one logical fallacious that I noticed between these two was by Heather Mac Donald; Mrs. Ma c Donald said that if police are forced to stop arresting and policing in general people of color there will be an uptick in crime . The reason for this is that people of color commit a majority of the country' s crimes and as a result, there will be anarchy. What I Noticed When you pay attention to Mrs. Mac Donald , you can notice that she offers a large amount of data for her evidence and when she seeks to answer a question, she retreats to a source and proceeds to answer the question from there. Whereas Mrs. Brown-Marshall she used a mixture of experience and history to answer/rebuttal; first she states an experience or historical episode then proceeds to answer. What I can infer about Mrs. Mac Donald based on the patterns I saw was that she has not had that many encounter with bias policing because she always cited data and never once did she mention about being a victim of but she did mention experiences of others. On the other hand, Mrs. Browne-Marshall has experienced the biased that was being debated because towards the end she states that she had been a victim of bias policing. Furthermore, Mrs. Browne-Marshall had a bit of an emotional connection to the subject whereas Mrs. Mac Donald had more of an apathetic connection towards the subject. Heather Mac Donald Gloria Browne-Marshall Ethos (credibility ) : Heather Mac Donald is the Thomas W. Smith Fellow at the Manhattan Institute and a contributing editor of City Journal Ethos : Professor of Constitutional Law and Civil Rights Attorney Pathos (Emotion) : There is a large number of white people who have been victims of police shootings Pathos : People see the color of skin and make decisions based on that. I see students outside of the university who are just being young but when police enter the scene, they see young hooligans. Logos (Logic) : Police have to go where the trouble is and most of the times in minority areas Blacks die at 6x the rate of whites and Hispanics combined Blacks commit 75% of shootings Every time police are called to a scene it is usually into a minority area As long as crime and victimization remains unevenly, balanced police and civilian contact will be too. Policing is data driven; police will go where there is a need. Policing is responsive to what the people in the community want them to do. Policing is influence by the people Logos : There are various groups ranging from the UN to Federal Courts that have said policing is racially biased Police make judgement calls that can result in a bias The perception of police is what creates a bias; someone can be loud but when you place a color on

Bahrain World Trade Centre Technical Report Essay

Bahrain World Trade Centre Technical Report - Essay Example What makes it unique is the fact that it was the first skyscraper in the world to have wind turbines into its design. The Bahrain World Trade Centre is constructed in close proximity of the King Faisal Highway, near population landmarks such as the Bahrain financial harbor, the National Bank of Bahrain and the scenic pearl roundabout. The building offers an un-obstructed view over the Arabian Gulf. It currently ranks as the second tallest building in Bahrain after the twin towers of the Bahrain Financial Harbour. Architecture and Physical Characteristics The Bahrain World Trade Centre is a revolutionary building as it is well equipped with inbuilt large scale wind turbines that supply 15% of the entire building’s electricity supply (Atkins 2012). The two 50 storey tapered, sail shaped architectural design of BWTC with a height of 240m is the only of its kind in the world to integrate wind turbines into its twin tower design. The Bahrain World Trade Centre master plan comprises of twin office towers, an associated single-storey huge shopping mall with a 30,000 square meters of exclusive boutiques and multi-brand retail outlets, departmental stores, food and beverage outlets, a car parking services, mother and baby rooms and a children’s entertainment and landscaped areas. ... Each tower provides 34 flexible floor plates ranging 120 to 820 sq.m area for offices and an exclusive 42nd floor viewing deck (Binder 2006). The BWTCs with a distinct nautical theme is a modern interpretation of traditional Arabian wind towers. Each of the towers is visibly anchored to the ground by a concertina of curved sail-like structure. The most distinct feature of the design is the integration of large- scale, commercially-available renewable wind energy turbines into a sustainable architecture design. The podium of the Bahrain World Business Centre accommodates a single-storey extension to the existing shopping mall and it does reflect the already established modular, axial and spatial parameters. Three levels of covered car parking space are available within the podium with further extensive parking and service areas provided in the basement. The Bahrain World Trade Centre Location of the wind parameters The Bahrain World Trade Centre was situated along the highway so as to fully harness the Persian Gulf winds since the wind in Bahrain is almost always consistent. The Bahrain World Trade Centre has three 29m horizontal axis turbines suspended between two-story 34 story towers of prime office space. Both of these towers have been designed to catch and accelerate the prevailing mild coastal winds of Bahrain. The design of this complex provides for three 29m diameter wind turbines that are supported horizontally between the two towers. The elliptical plan form and sail-like tapered design of both towers acts as aerofoil and it funnels and lifts the onshore breeze flowing from Persian Gulf. The wind funneling and lifting of air behind the towers due to tapered design creates a negative

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Education - Essay Example Another importance of nursing education is to enlighten the nurses on what is require of them as well as the most effective way of resolving issues pertaining to their duties as professional (Keating, 2010,p. 3-5; Bradshaw& Lowenstein, 2011, p.1). Nursing Learning Styles These are hypothetical models, which suggest the existing manners of acquiring knowledge and help teacher or lecturer plan and meet the needs of their students. Nursing is a profession characterised by great diversity in terms of culture as well as economic status  of the individuals practicing it as well as the patients the nurses attend to or interact. Nursing professionals are required to learn how to theorize, visualize, analyse, and then come up with the solution to resolve problems. The profession involves carrying several activities ranging from calculating dosages to complex interventions on matters pertaining to patients. To understand how different learning styles apply in nursing education, it is importa nt to have some understanding on the modes of learning applied by different nursing students. Individual learning skill required include visual, Auditory and kinaesthetic (Bradshaw& Lowenstein, 2011, p.279-282; Brockbank, 2002, p. 25). Visual is a critical learning technique for nurses and require that lecturers use material such as charts and illustrative diagrams in lecturing. Organizing notes into diagrams is also an important strategy used in nursing education. Auditory learning involves ability to listen and understand information, which is improved through recording information. Kinaesthetic is a mode of learning that suits individuals who prefer when information is presented in different forms other than having to listen to lectures (Ewan & White, 1991, p. 28; Ewan & White, 1991, p. 44-50). There are several learning styles but nursing profession aims at combining the different individual learning modes to come up with comprehensive styles to take care of the entire individua l profession. Nursing educations combines four learning behaviours found among nurses and include activist, reflectors, theorist, and pragmatist. The learning styles should aim at getting the learner to come out of their comfort zone and be able to experience, reflect on incidents, conceptualize the ideas and then make plans (Keating, 2010, p. 47; Ewan & White, 1991, p. 28). Activism entails involving the learners into several activities to enable them gain experience. This increases enthusiasm and the urge to lean more. This enables nurses to handle emergencies. Activists frequently involve themselves with other people and act fast. Demonstrations work well for this group of learners (Jarvis, 2006, p. 10-12; Brockbank, 2002, p. 33-35). Theorists are those learners capable of integrating vast quantity of information and adapt it into logical hypotheses. They prefer leaning through use of models, theories, as well as case analysis. Reflectors have the capability of viewing informatio n from different perspectives. They prefer learning by collecting information or case studies and analysing them. They are therefore reasonably accurate in making conclusions. They are also good auditory learners and tend to be cautious. Most nurses fall in this category. Use of discussions helps learners in this category Oermann & Heinrich, 2008, p. 50-55). Pragmatists are learners who desire to try out new ideas, which may include theories and novel techniques. They are innovative

Critical analisis essay. SPANISH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical analisis . SPANISH - Essay Example Uno de los elementos claves que ayudan en la puesta en practica de este sistema de control es la existencia de una figura de poder, cuya identidad es de poca importancia, asi como tambien la existencia de una red de personas, cuya identidad tambien es intrascendente, que ayudan en el ejercicio del poder. De hecho en la historia la mancha indeleble el personaje principal solo puede escuchar una voz, dicha voz es incorporea y, segun el personaje principal, no podia relacionarse con un ser de carne y hueso: La voz llenaba todo el salon y resonaba entre las paredes†¦Yo no podia saber de donde salia. Tenia la impresion de que todo lo que veia estaba hablando a un tiempo: el piso de marmol negro y blanco, la alfombra roja que iba de la escalinata a la gran mesa del recibidor, y la alfombra similar que cruzaba a todo lo largo por el centro; las grandes columnas, las cornisas de cubos dorados, las dos lamparas de cristal de Bohemia (Bosch 1). Este extracto nos hace pensar que ni el gene ro, ni la posicion social, ni la profesion de dicha figura son de consecuencia. Lo que si es fundamental es que la figura no pueda ser vista por los individuos que son vigilados. Asi como tambien que el individuo crea que el sistema disciplinario, cuyo representante en la historia de Bosch es la voz incorporea, tenga un alcance total. Como ya se ha mencionado, esta figura de poder no es la unica persona en todo el sistema. Tambien hay otras personas que ejercen diferentes funciones dentro de este sistema de control. Cada individuo tiene un papel que jugar y es, a su vez, supervisado por alguien de mayor jerarquia. En Pormenores de una servidumbre de Pedro Peix, el Benefactor claramente representa la figura de poder, pero durante todo el relato hay personas, cuya identidad tambien ignoramos, encargadas de realizar los trabajos sucios. Hay personas encargadas de grabar las sesiones amorosas de la esposa del personaje principal con otros hombres, hay personas que encargadas de seducir a la hija del personaje principal, hay personas encargadas de contratar la banda y las prostitutas que se apostaron en frente de la casa del personaje principal. Y, tambien, esta la persona encargada de hacer las llamadas telefonicas que el personaje principal recibia (Cespedes). Esta claro que este sistema es extenso en su practica y que abarca todas las areas de la vida cotidiana del individuo, incluso las areas mas intimas y los detalles mas pequenos no estan fuera del alcance de este regimen. En el relato de Bosch una voz incorporea le pide al personaje principal que remueva su cabeza pues ya no la necesitaria. Y el personaje principal le indica que no puede despojarse de su cabeza tan facilmente: Deme un tiempo para pensarlo. Comprenda que ella esta llena de mis ideas, de mis recuerdos. Es el resumen de mi propia vida. Ademas, si me quedo sin ella, ?con que voy a pensar? (Bosch 2). Sin darle mucha importancia la voz le contesta que ya no la necesitaba pues ellos (los miembros d e este sistema disciplinario) pensarian por el y que sus recuerdos eran innecesarios. Un sistema como este, que no tiene ningun reparo en declarar que las ideas, las emociones y

Reality Television Do More Harm Media Essay

Reality Television Do More Harm Media Essay Although reality television may be popular source of entertainment, it is doing more harm to the society by corrupting its thoughts; and therefore the harms of reality television outweigh its positives. What is Reality Television? Reality television is a television-programming genre that presents purportedly unscripted melodramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and usually features ordinary people instead of professional actors, sometimes in a contest or other situation where a prize is awarded. Arguments The content aired on reality television programs plays a major role in manipulating the viewers thoughts about certain aspects of the society and help create stereotypes in the minds of the people through false representation of facts. Reality television program participants become victims of the edited material aired on TV and their image is hampered. The competition in the shows is extremely intense and brings out the worst in the participants. Reality television occupies a large amount of precious time of the viewers, thus preventing them from performing much more productive activities. KHATRY III Counter Arguments Reality television helps satisfy the needs of the people for juicy or spiced content on the screen, thus attracting large audiences. It acts as a medium of escape for the viewers from their everyday chores. However, the reality TV shows are becoming boring and pointless. Reality television helps provide a platform to bring the common man in the spotlight. But there are allegations of reality TV shows being rigged. Reality television provides an economical form of entertainment, thus proving to be profitable for the television producers since no major celebrities are usually involved. Nevertheless, the production cost averages between $800,000 and $2,000,000 plus per episode. Conclusion- Summarize and restate the arguments and counter arguments and thus, prove that the harms of reality television outweigh its positives. KHATRY 1 Does Reality Television Do More Harm Than Good? According to the American Time Survey 2011 conducted by the Bureau Of Labor Statistics U.S. Department Of Labor, The average American spends 2.4 hours everyday in front of the television screen, this means he spends 16.8 hours a week and 873.6 hours a year watching television. (American) Seven years of our lifetime in front of the idiot box can surely have a great influence on us, especially a negative one. One of the most prominent genres of modern television is the unscripted reality-based television program or commonly called Reality TV by the viewers. So what is reality television? Annette Hill in her article Reality TV: Audiences and Popular Factual Television, describes reality television as a television programming genre that presents purportedly unscripted melodramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and usually features ordinary people instead of professional actors, sometimes in a contest or other situation where a prize is awarded. (Reality) Reality TV pro grams like The Bachelor, Fear Factor, Here Comes Honey Boo Boo and many more have overtaken the prime television slots and have become an integral part of the American family-couch time. Although reality television may be popular source of entertainment, it is doing more harm to the society by corrupting its thoughts; and therefore the harms of reality television outweigh its positives. First of all the content which is aired on the reality television programs is highly sexual and violent. Social cognitive theory suggests that people can discover meaningful sources of identity in their teens that feel connected to what theyre viewing. (288) According to the reports of attorney of law, Patrick A. Trueman, teens exposed to sexual material on television were more likely to be subject to premature sexual activities. Americas Next Top Model, a model hunt, has been repeatedly criticized for promoting KHATRY 2 poor body image of women resulting in low self-esteem and eating disorders among the young viewers. These shows also play a major role in creating stereotypes in the minds of the audiences. The audiences relate the actions of the participants to the ethnic or regional background they belong to. One such show is Jersey Shore, a reality television series that follows the lives of eight housemates spending their summer in New Jersey; the highly sexual and abusive content aired on the show has created misconceptions in the minds of the people regarding the residents of New Jersey. The show portrays a negative image of the American youth to the world as that of disturbed and unsophisticated. Omarosa Manigault a participant on the show The Apprentice stated, A friend of mine said, The fabric of reality TV is conflict, so make sure that youre either in the fight, breaking the fight up, or starting the fight.' The harms of reality televise are not only subjected to the audience but the participants and the crew in these shows too are pushed to the brink. The crews are made to work under unacceptable working conditions and are paid dimes for it. Three former employees of reality television shows, including American Idol, claim in a lawsuit filed that the producer forced them to work under sweatshop conditions and failed to pay for overtime hours they worked. The employees say the producer, Fremantle North America, forced them, to work up to 20 hours a day, seven days a week, sometimes without meal and rest periods, and that Fremantle falsified payroll records. (7) The participants in the reality television programs often become a victim of the misleading edited material aired on TV, which can go a long way in hampering their image in the real world. The participants in shows such as Big Brother and The Bachelor are subject to no privacy. The editing KHATRY 3 team crop the video footage in order to make it more entertaining, thus not revealing the whole truths. As a result the audience misinterprets their words and thus misconceptions are created in the minds of the viewers regarding the participants. Diana Eng a contestant on Project Runway stated in an interview, One morning the crew scared me so bad I jumped and screamed. They said that wasnt good, so I had to pretend to wake up again. (The Real) The world of reality television has also revealed the ugly face of racism in the Celebrity Big Brother racism controversy. Fellow contestants Jade Goody, Jo OMeara and Danielle Lloyd mocked Shilpa Shettys Indian accent and branded her as The Indian and a dog. (Celebrity) The highly competitive nature of the shows and the hunger to win usually brings out the worst in the participants. Sometimes even a lifetime may seem short enough to earn reputation however a moment of bad judgment is enough to lose it all. In a world where time is money and every single second is precious reality television consumes a large amount of the productive time of the viewers. The viewers spend numerous hours in front of the television watching these shows, time that they can use to perform more productive activities. Also there has been a decline in the outdoor activities of young adults, who would prefer an hour in front of the screen rather than playing ball in the park. Robert Foehr in his article Rideout states, Excessive TV viewing can contribute to poor grades, sleep problems, behavior problems, obesity, and risky behavior. (Rideout) However, we cannot be oblivious to the positive factors of this genre. Despite the numerous harms caused by reality television, the genre has become the most viewed form of television with its television rating soaring higher than ever. KHATRY 4 Realty television is one of the best means of entertainment for the viewers. For the common man it acts as a medium of escape from the arid realities of everyday life since the viewers can relate themselves with the participants on the show. The major reason for the numerous reality television programs being aired nowadays is the audiences thriving appetite for juicy or spiced content on the screen. However, the reality TV shows are soon becoming boring and pointless. Audiences have lost interest in the shows because lack of plot and repetition of themes. The show Here Comes Honey Boo Boo has received criticism globally from viewers according to whom the family is nothing but a laughing-stock. Reality television programs like American Idol and Master Chef help provide a platform for the common man to express his talents and achieve his dreams. Reality television programs are a source of instant fame and recognition for the common herd. The sole purpose of these programs is to focus on the life of ordinary people and bring them in the spotlight rather than the major celebrities. These have given the world phenomenal talents in the form of Kelly Clarkson, season one winner of American Idol, and the extraordinaire chef Jennifer Behm, who won the second season of Master Chef USA, and many others. However there are allegations of reality TV shows being rigged. The contract signed by the contestants on the reality TV shows states that the producers posses the right to determine the winners. Hope Solo, a contestant on Dancing With The Stars, pointed in her journal Solo: A Memoir Of Hope a specific incident behind the scenes that led to her elimination. Although the actual number of votes may not be twisted, producers have other illusive means to manipulate the public opinion. Dian Anderson Minshall stated in her article How Authentic Are Your Favorite  Shows? that Tom Poe a contestant on Americas Got Talent, a talent show, who lied about being injured by a grenade and suffering a brain KHATRY 5 injury while serving in Afghanistan insists the show is rigged and audiences are coached to support predetermined favorites. (How) Not only is reality television entreating but is economical as well. Producers nowadays are willing to invest in new reality TV ventures rather than sitcoms because of the huge difference in costs. Reality television programs fall cheaper to produce since no major celebrity is being paid a hefty fee. Advertisers are willing to pay millions for a 30 second commercials during the ad breaks. Nevertheless, the production cost averages between $800,000 and $2,000,000 plus per episode. Large sums of money are awarded to the winners of these shows. The cost for putting up the grand stages and sets for shows like Survivor and American Idol are exorbitant. As we have known it that there are always two sides of a coin, both the merits and demerits of reality television are present. Like it or not reality TV will remain to be one if the most popular television genre as long as the viewers demand it. Reality television has corrupted the thoughts of the viewers and hampered their perceptions about certain aspects of the society. There is hardly any authenticity to the content aired on the reality television programs; the manufactured drama aired on these shows is not reality. These acknowledged negative factors surpass the mere qualities of reality television. As stated in the above augments, although reality television may be popular source of entertainment, it is doing more harm to the society by corrupting its thoughts; and therefore the harms of reality television outweigh its positives. KHATRY 6

In Favor of Repealing Arizona House Bill 200 :: Marijuana

In Favor of Repealing Arizona House Bill 200   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over two hundred years ago, new settlers were finding their way around a vast and new country. Their whole philosophy about their new finding was to create new lives away from the British and develop a way of living to fit their standards. As they set up a new government many new and innovative ideas were added. Our fore-fathers wanted a country that would continue to grow and prosper within the needs of its citizens. Since the beginning of such a new government new laws have come and gone, separate governments have been set up and given their own responsibilities. These separate governments of course are at the state level. Our constitution gives direct regulations for state governments, and rights to create our own form of legislation. Arizona may have taken this right a bit too far.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The citizens of the state of Arizona decided to pass an initiative that gives doctors the right to prescribe marijuana and other such drugs for medicinal purposes only. However, this initiative has brought many controversies to the Arizona government. Many of these issues include voters of Arizona not fully understanding the bill and many associations such as the American Lung Association trying to amend the bill.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I propose that as citizens of Arizona, the only way we are going to solve this enormous problem is to take action ourselves. Such actions can include talking or writing to our Senators and letting them know our feelings on the bill and to present our own ideas to the representatives as assistance. Also, the media is a huge market that wants to hear from you, the victims of such a crime. The only way to make difference is to become involved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It happens every two years, the speeches, appearances and the promises. We all become tired of the brown nosing done by candidates for a seat in the Arizona Senate. Most citizens tune-out the candidates and put the "x" on the ballot at a name that looks familiar. The truth is we choose our representatives, therefore it is only fair that they, the elected officials by the state, listen to what we have to say and take into consideration. It is apparent by all the media coverage that many people oppose the bill passed by Arizona in November of 1996. Currently the Arizona Senate has finished its annual session and is available for comments from citizens.

Michelle Morano’s “Grammar Lessons: The Subjunctive Mood” Essay

The essay â€Å"Grammar Lessons: The Subjunctive Mood† by Michele Morano is a work that parallels the Spanish language and life. In the story, Michele reveals a little about herself as a character in the essay. She offers the reader a glimpse into an extravagant daydream into the locales of exotic Spain in which she hopes to one day visit to escape her husband whom had recently tried to kill himself. Throughout her fantastic tale, she encounters many unusual characters and proceeds to compare aspects of the Spanish language such as clauses like, ‘si’ and ‘como si’ (Morano 111), and ‘verbs of doubt and emotion’ (114) to the complexities of life. As I first began reading the essay, I was puzzled that Morano chose to ‘speak’ in the second tense as it is a rare form of writing, especially for a non-persuasive essay. While she was using her own experiences to provide the reader with an imaginary world, she wrote as though she hoped her audience would find themselves in her shoes. I also found it difficult to understand Morano’s style of writing because of her choice to use the future tense. I was able to grasp the concept that this extravagant adventure had not occurred yet, but I found it difficult to insert myself in her whimsical, romantic production. Once I began reading the essay and analyzing it, however, I took a liking to her ‘what-if’ style of writing. It suited the topic matter very well. Morano was able to equate the Spanish language with life beautifully with her writing style and extensive use of imagery. While I enjoyed the style of writing very much, the essay itself left me tentative on weather or not I enjoyed the piece as a whole. I am very familiar with the Spanish language, but I believe Morano could have clarified each educational segment a little further. As amusing as it was to brush up on high school Spanish, I found the presentation of the content in the text itself very confusing. I am uncertain that I would have enjoyed the piece as much had I not taken Spanish in earlier years of schooling. I also found it distracting how Morano would switch from her ‘grammar lessons’ to her fantasy life in Spain so abruptly. Beginning to read the piece, I was unsure of whether or not Morano had actually lived these experiences she was writing about, or if they were a thoughtful delusion of the future. For example, while reading about Morano’s encounter with the swimmer (110), I  found myself being pulled into the reverie of this romance in Spain; and suddenly I would be brought back to this lackluster high school Spanish class. And while Morano did provide the reader with a comparison from the language to the event itself, the change seemed so abrupt that it left me displeased. I also could have gone without the jumping back and forth between Morano’s life with her depressed husband and her musing of a life in Spain. While I do believe that her history with her husband was pivotal to the back story, I found the bouncing between her Spanish daydream and her real life experiences with her husband very distracting. I consider it would have suited the essay better had Morano simply used that as an introduction and left it at that. One feature of the essay that I enjoyed, although, was the fact that Morano took something as lifeless as the Spanish language and seemed to enliven it to the reader. I find it very rare that an author is able to put life into something as cold as grammatical concepts, especially in a different language. Morano, through her experiences in Spain, was able to provide the reader with a looking glass into a world where language isn’t just language and grammar isn’t just grammar but they’re part of being alive. She is able to convey to the reader that while details such as how to express emotion in Spanish would seem tedious any other point, experiences such as sleeping with a stranger in Spain unexpectedly brings out these ‘grammatical elements’ of human nature such as doubt and excitement (115). As a whole, I did enjoy the essay. I found Morano’s use of descriptions and interactions between characters very intriguing. I was able to sympathize with Morano as a character through her internal struggle of leaving the man that she had been with for a long while for a fresh start in Spain. Morano, Michele. â€Å"The Best American Essays.† Grammar Lessons: the Subjunctive Mood. Ed. Lauren Slater. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006. 107-121. Grammar Lessons: The Subjunctive Mood

Emotions as Art; essays

Emotions as Art; essays Emotions as Art; Arising as a complex entity rooted in the Psychological Panorama of Human Expirence. THAT OBSCURE OBJECT OF DESIRE (1977) 11 March 2004 That Obscure Object of Desire, (1977) directed by Luis Bus Les Quatre Cent Coups(1966). Although Bus expressive misce-en-scene delivers an erotic portrayal of a man trapped by his emotional attachment to a woman he cannot attain. Even while hes in a committed relationship with her he cannot attain her. That Obscure Object of Desire includes a Lacanian premise with Freudian insight, a Hitchcockian foundation with Bus classic breast-groping scenes. The film dresses in its fear of women, freely. The film was adapted from a French novel entitled The Devil is a Woman, by Pierre Louys. Josef von Sternberg had already done the film once in 1935. Bus autobiography. The film was created with much care: it not only spoofed scenes in Hitchcocks North by Northwest, but it highlighted surrealists themes while ridiculing an older mans insecurities with sexuality. The most brilliant element of the film, double acting, was said to be a mistake, but with Buñuel it is difficult to believe. Two actors played the role...

Divine Healing Essay Example

Divine Healing Essay Example Divine Healing Essay Divine Healing Essay 1. How many of our iniquities (sins) did God promise to forgive? Psalms 103:3 _____________________________________________________________________________________ A. How many of our diseases did He say He could heal? ______________________________________ 2. How do I know Christ paid for my healing? Isaiah 53:5 __________________________________________________________________________ 3. When Jesus was here, what sicknesses did He heal? Matthew 4:23 _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Has Jesus changed? Hebrews 13:8 _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. If Jesus is our High Priest, how do we know He understands our sufferings? Hebrews 4:15 (He is) _______________________________________________________________________________ 6. How did He heal people in their time of need? Psalms 107:20 _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What way must we pray in order to receive healing? A. Matthew 21:22 _____________________________________________________________________ B. Mark 11:24 _____________________________________________________ and ye shall have them. 8. How must we pray in order for God to answer? A. John 14:13 _________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ B. Acts 3:16 __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What is God’s promise to every believer? Mark 16:15-20 A. Verse 17 __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ B. Verse 18 __________________________________________________________________________ 10. What does James tell us to do when we’re sick? James 5:14 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ A. What will be the results? James 5:15 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 11. How do we know our sickness was paid for at the whipping post? 1 Peter 2:24 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 12. How do we know it is God’s will for us to be well? 3 John 2 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 13. In order to receive healing, how must I come to the Lord? Hebrews 11:6 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

Carnavelis Decision Making Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Carnavelis Decision Making Model - Essay Example The effectiveness of a nurse’s role is achieved through the assessment of the social, physical, mental, and spiritual and health factors which define the needs of the patient. This paper is based on a clinical case study where the roles of nurses in assessment of the patient and related factors and decision making and practice are discussed. The discussion is based on Carnevali’s model of clinical judgment and decision making which evaluated in terms of its effectiveness and impact on the execution of nursing roles in patient assessment and decision making. The assessment of Jack’s physical, social, mental, spiritual and health care needs will be based on an integration of critical thinking and observation. Wolf (2012, p. 20) explains that the ability of a nurse to identify the needs of the patient during the assessment process is effectively achieved through keen observation and application of higher cognitive processes of thought. Kearney and Penque (2012, p. 3 2) adds that the legal and ethical standards of nursing and evidence based practice should also be included in trying to identify the needs of the patient. In Jack’s case, his symptoms are used to assess his health care needs. For example his dehydration is identified through the nurse’s observation. This leads to a critical thinking process through which the nurse will make a decision of the nursing intervention and therapy which is relevant for his condition. The significance of Carnevali’s model of clinical judgment and decision making is disclosed in this case because effectiveness in assessment of the health care needs of the patient would only be achieved through observation of his symptoms. Carnival’s model presents the first stage of diagnostic reasoning process as the collection of information and data on the patient and the family (Carnevali, 2003, p. 45). Aitken, Marshall, Elliott and McKinley (2009, p. 38), add that the roles of nurses in pati ent diagnosis are guided by collection of patient data on the social and cultural aspects and applying them in the prescription of relevant intervention and therapy. Jack for example is affected by social factors such as lack of appropriate support and care from the parents. This is disclosed by the fact that the parents want to leave him in the hospital with a neighbor. Nonetheless, critical thinking and prioritization must be applied in nursing care to ensure that the health care needs of the patient are provided before further assessment achieved. Jack’s dehydration and weakness requires immediate nursing intervention even before a complete analysis of all factors surrounding his condition are ascertained. Huiqin and Thompson (2010, p. 2752) points out that nurses play a critical role in meeting the needs of patients for care with due consideration of the standards of care and maintenance of high standards in practice. However Carnevali’s model of clinical judgment and decision making fails to show emphasis on the role of ethical and evidence based nursing practice. In accordance to Carnaveli’s model of clinical judgment and decision making, the second stage in diagnostic reasoning process is entry into the patient assessment (Carnevali, 2003, p. 45). This includes priority setting. Jack’s health care needs are prioritized by the nurse because of his weak condition and continuous crying. This is the reason why the nurse must prioritize the health care needs of the patient. Sutcliffe (2011, p. 35) emphasizes that the Nursing and

Essay on Germinal by Emile Zola Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

On Germinal by Emile Zola - Essay Example It is for this reason that Germinal is valuable in order to understand the social and cultural values of French society of that period but also to make significant assumptions regarding the protest against the capital as it was formulated the particular period. These assumptions do not have just historical value but they can be used in order to understand modern social structures and forms of protest against the capital as this protest is being developed throughout the world. It should be noticed that in order to write Germinal, Zola has studied carefully all aspects of coal mining industry. In this context, it is mentioned by Ellis, referring to Zola, (Introduction, 2nd and 3rd lines) that ‘For six months he travelled about the coal-mining district in northern France and Belgium, especially the Borinage around Mons, note-book in hand’. It is for this reason that Germinal represents with accuracy all aspects of life of workers in the particular industry being one of the few novels in which such an issue is developed. The general story developed throughout Germinal could be described as following: Etienne Lantier is a young man that decides to go and live in a mining village. Soon, Etienne begins to work in the mine. However, after a while the daily problems of miners lead Etienne to urge them to protest against the capital (miner’s owners). In the meantime, Etienne – because of his capabilities has become a leader of miners and his view influences them. It is for this reason that influenced by Etienne miners decide for their first time to protest against the capital. Their protest, which has the form of a strike, causes severe financial losses to the miner’s owners and their reactions are characterized by violence and brutality. The story of the novel is ‘enriched’ by the extended reference to the daily life of a particular family of the village, the Maheu family. Etienne, who felt

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project management - Essay Example It is usually, a temporary undertaking with specific goals in mind. It, thus, does not fall under the confines of normal business operations. As such, it is bounded by time, resources and the required results from the project. It, however, needs to be planned from the beginning to the end. A project is subjected to some certain constraints. These constraints range from time, personnel, money, equipment and the necessary facilities. The success of a project is hinged on the specific situation in which it has been employed. This stems from the fact that in some situations the concerned parties may be willing to sacrifice certain features for a hastened recovery. In dissimilar situations, parties may be willing to extend the respective timelines so as to build on quality results. The reality, however, is that rarely do projects run smoothly throughout its process. Research has shown that only about thirty four percent of projects are completed on time and on budget (Lock, 2007). Thus, each project that has been implemented has a significant probability of encountering snugs along the way to completion. For a project to be considered a success, it has to meet certain prerequisites. The project must meet its intended objectives and requirements. These are the reasons behind the formation of the project. Thus, it is imperative that it meets these objectives. In the event whereby some of the intended objectives and requirements are not met, it will necessitate a restructuring of the strategy that was employed as this forms the foundation of the project (Lock, 2007). In the event where this occurs, irrespective of the actualization of other factors of success, the project will still be deemed a failure. A project must operate within the confines of a pre-established budget. If it deviates from this budget the probability of failure significantly rises. The goal is to work within the constraints sourced from the budget and still met project goals, thus making the client happy. However, certain situations arise whereby, the set budget is not sufficient to cater for all the required features. The project management team has only two options to employ. It can either choose to ultimately increase the budget or it can decide to cut the scope of the project. Budget concern is the most vital. As such, the project management team must deliberate w ith the client on the features they are willing to sacrifice so as to stay within the allocated budget. This forms one of the reasons behind the rationale that effective project management is not an easy endeavour. The client might insist on the project meeting all the features in a situation where this is near impossible. To avoid such scenarios, it is imperative to iron out such details upfront before embarking on the project. A characteristic of any project is that it has three variables that can be adjusted throughout the process. These variables are the scope, the timing and the allocated budget. As such, it is important to find out from the client which of the variables are vital to them and which ones can be adjusted. Each project must strive to operate within the set timeline. This stems from the fact that it can result into havoc in the event where it is not appropriately managed. When a deadline has been established, the first question becomes whether it is a hard deadline or a soft deadline. A hard deadline does not necessarily indicate the complexities that will be encountered if the project is not complete by that time. Rather, it implies the nature of the deadline is such that, it has dependencies hinged on it. It is not impossible to alter but, it may eventuate in potentially embarrassing the client. In this

Light in August Essay Example for Free

Light in August Essay William Faulkner’s celebrated novel Light in August says the tale of an orphan Joe Christmas, who has an unknown or doubtful ancestry who considers himself to be part-black. The novel includes excellent themes that involve issues of gender, race, community and religion. The capture of the racist identity and the portrayal of Calvinistic religion are the main features of the novel. Light in August is one of the best works of William Faulkner. The story starts with Lena Grove, a helpless pregnant girl (from Alabama) who set out of her house in search of her unborn baby’s father Lucas Burch. Lucas Burch had actually escaped from Lena so that he need not bear the burden of fatherhood. Lena’s hunting for Lucas Burch make her reach another man with the same name Byron Bunch. He was a simple man who makes friendship with Lena and later falls in love with her. Byron was kindhearted and provided Lena with home and security that the actual Byron Bunch (the child’s father) could not provide. After that we can see Byron narrating his feelings for Lena to the former Presbyterian minister Rev. Gail Hightower who was pushed to withdraw from his ministry as his wife committed suicide. In the middle of this strange story between Lena Grove and Lucas Burch, there appears Joe Christmas the roommate of Lucas Burch. He was an orphan working in the planing mill like Byron Bunch. The word ‘Christmas’ was added to his name as it was on the day of Christmas that he reached the orphanage. Christmas was also not sure about his ancestry as he wandered across in search of his lineage; a voyage for self-discovery. Christmas’ journey led him to Jefferson, Mississippi where he falls in a dangerous relation with Joanna Burden spinsterish civil rights activist. This affair led him to grave destruction. The most interesting theme of Light in August is the Southern issue with racial identity. Joe is mistreated and humiliated as people suspect that he has a black ancestry. They never him the way they treat white people (Dondlinger, 98-125). We can find in Light in August that majority of the characters are influenced by the notion of race disparity. For example, Joanna Burden, Joe Christmas, Doc Hines, Nathaniel Burde and lastly Percy Grimm are some or the other way influenced by the concept of race (Towner, 45-65). Some of the characters become victims of the senseless racial classification and suffer. Others who are out of this threat believe that there is nothing wrong in treating blacks inhumanly on the basis of racial difference. Racial discrimination is quite acceptable for them (Dondlinger, 98-125). For example The Jefferson sheriff, Watt Kennedy appears to be a decent man. However we can see him punishing a randomly chosen black person in an unwanted investigation (appeared unwanted at first). Similarly several other characters are found to be under the grip of the notion of race. Gender also plays a crucial role in the novel Light in August. Male-female identity and relations is an important topic. For example, we can find Joe being hostile to women. Lena’s baby’s father Lucas Burch also ran away from his pregnant wife; he was also fleeing away from women. Byron Bunch also did not have any plans to marry and was living a lonely life till Lena comes. He was adjusting his life in such a way that he could continue living alone. Rev. Gail Hightower also do not have a good fellowship with women as he led his wife to suicide. Another character Joanna Burden does not even marry. However we can find that the author never attempts to contrast the lonely life of these unfortunate characters with any happy or satisfied normal family or love relationships until the novel reaches the last chapter. We can see that the marriage of Hines and McEachern was also not a happy one. Moreover the Armstids also do not appear to have any love among them. Finally it appears to come to a happy end when Byron Bunch moves away with Lena Grove. But disappointment suddenly comes in she refuses him to share her bed. That relation also seems to be failure. The only relationship that appears to be happy is the relationship of the furniture dealer and his wife. They only had a relationship that had any trace of happiness or satisfaction.

Geography Summary :: Papers

Geography Summary A very long time ago, in outer space. There was an atom, invisible to the naked eye. No one knows how the atom was created, it was just there. This atom was very concentrated and very dense. Approximately 30 billion years ago, that atom exploded and out came the material used to create the entire universe. Of course, back then. The universe was very different from today. This is the big bang theory, it wa sproposed by George Gamow a Russian American. According to the theory, the force of the explosion is still making us drift and then will pull us back bringing our existence to an end. When the earth was first created, there was only one continent. It was called Pangea. The Pangea then split up into two smaller continents named respectively Laurasia and Gondowanaland. Finally, both Laurasia and Gondowanaland split up into yet smaller continents, resulting in a final count of 7 continents. This theory is called Continental Drift and it was suggested by Alfred Wegener in 1912. Convection currents is how heat moves in liquids. We find convection currents inside the moho but we can also find convection currents in a pot of boilling water. Convection currents are circles of heat side by side moving in opposite directions. When these happen inside the moho, many things can happen. At some points on the earth parts of the crust can be sucked underground make cracks on the ground. At other places on earth, the currents can push up the crust, thus making a hill. Convection currents are what causes tectonic plates to move. With out convection currents, there probably wouldn`t be any continental drift. As you learnt in the previous paragraph, convection currents take place in the Moho. The Mohorovicic discontinuity is the boundary between the crust and the mantle. The material inside the moho are smi molten rocks.

The Relationship Between Culture and Technology Essay -- Environment E

The Relationship Between Culture and Technology The relationship between technology and culture is cyclical. Logically, a culture will develop technologies based on the needs or desires of the people, because this is where the creative influences lie. As this technology spreads and is absorbed into the people’s lives, it affects their culture and way of life. This change in lifestyle can also occur when a technology developed outside a culture is introduced into the culture, providing an external influence. As Paul Ehrlich explains, there are technological evolutions and associated cultural evolutions, and they do not necessarily occur concurrently. Ehrlich [believes] that, in our modern era, technology is evolving faster than culture, and a major cultural evolution needs to occur to be able to deal with modern technology properly. (NPR, Ehrlich) Throughout history, though, there have also been cultural evolutions that lead to the creation and evolution of technology; hence, the cycle. History often makes it evident that when people desire something that another culture has, they show little hesitation in taking it. In many cases, trade has taken the place of blatant theft and warfare, but there are always exceptions. As technologies evolved and spread to different parts of the world, the interdependence between peoples increased. At this point there are few self-sustaining societies. (Even our interdependent societies are not permanently sustainable on our Earth). This limitation of resources leads to need, which in turn may lead to warfare. It is true that the civilized, even moral – if morality can be an argument in this politically correct world – approach involves trade and does not involve senseless killing. And... ... up world, and how could it be worth having' -Sting, All This Time    Sources Chant, Colin, "Chapter 2: Greece" in "Pre-industrial Cities and Technology," Routledge Press, 1999, pp. 48-80. Econ.: Introductory Economics, taught by Prof. Amanda Bayer at State College, Fall 2001. Ehrlich, Paul R., "Ch.11: Gods, Dive-Bombers, and Bureaucracy" in "Human Natures: Genes Cultures, and the Human Prospect" Island Press, 2000, pp. 253-279. Ehrlich takes the Pope Urban II quote from â€Å"Burns, 1963, p. 358† NPR interview with author Paul Ehrlich on his book "Human Natures, Genes, Cultures, and the Human Prospect" from October 27, 2000. Teresi, Dick, "Lost Discoveries: The ancient roots of modern science", Simon and Schuster, 2002, ISBN 0-684-83718-8, pp. 325-367. *****I can’t find this source†¦ Ehrlich pulls the Pope Urban II quote from â€Å"Burns, 1963, p. 358†

Research Article Critique

Research Article Critique Tonya L. Smith, RN Liberty University NUR 225 Research Article Critique The title of the research article I chose to critique is from the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. â€Å"Hypertension, orthostatic-hypotension, and the risk of falls in a community-dwelling elderly population: The maintenance of balance, independent living, intellect, and zest in the elderly Boston study†; this title fits well with the content presented in the research article. The independent variables are clearly defined as well as the dependent variables for the research being conducted.The content of the abstract is a very good overview of the content and it is consistent with the content. The abstract summarizes the objective, design, setting, participants, measurements, and results. Problem/Purpose The problem being investigated is the risk of falls in the elderly population related to the effects of controlled and uncontrolled hypertension and orthostatic hypoten sion. The authors do identify the significance of the problem as falls for being the leading cause of disability for the elder generations.Adequate background information is not provided to support the problem because the subject at hand â€Å"has not been investigated previously† (Gangavati, et al. , 2011, p. 383). Explanation of the purpose of this study being conducted is provided by the authors. Literature Review The previous research articles and their outcomes are briefly described with different amounts of time from 1-3 minutes after individual is standing before a decrease in blood pressure of 10-20mmHg would occur and be related to a fall.The purpose â€Å"was to assess the association between hypertension, OH using multiple definitions, and their combination and the risk of recurrent falls in a community-dwelling elderly population† (Gangavati, et al. , 2011, p. 384). The list of twenty eight references is used is this article. There are eight references date d up to ten years old, four references dated five years old or less, and sixteen references that are more than ten years old with one of them being twenty-three years old. The authors do very briefly summarize their review of the literature as to what is known and not known to the study.They do explain a need for further study from previous research with a lack of knowledge in definitions of orthostatic hypertension presented. Framework/Theoretical Perspective The study is based upon a specific situation theory regarding the relationship between falls and changes in blood pressure of the elderly population older than seventy. The authors connect their theory to the study by demonstrating a connection between a change in systolic orthostatic hypotension and standing for one minute.This change in systolic orthostatic hypotension would prove to be increasing falls for the elder population with uncontrolled hypertension. Research Question(s) OR Hypotheses The hypothesis was that the ris k of falls would be highest in people with uncontrolled hypertension and in those with orthostatic hypotension. The questions at hand of the research were to assess the association between hypertension, orthostatic hypotension using different definitions, and to assess their combination and the risk of falls in a community-dwelling elderly population. VariablesThe independent variables were the total number of individuals that were seventy years old or older living within a 5-mile radius of the study. These individuals would present with no hypertension, controlled hypertension, uncontrolled hypertension, and systolic orthostatic hypotension. The dependent variables are the blood pressure measurements, number of falls reported, and the amount of time standing from one to three minutes. The blood pressure measurements were taken at two different times at two minutes apart after five minutes of rest and an average of the two would be used in the analysis.The measurements of blood pres sure were obtained using a manual blood pressure cuff that was accurate for size. The number of falls was reported over a year of time and at the end of each month on a monthly falls calendar and only counted if they had experienced two falls. Demographics of Sample A few examples of the demographics used in the sample was 22% non-white, 64% female,70% receiving antihypertensive medications, 38% history of falls and 25% with a history of stroke. Research Design The research design used was prospective population-based study.Prospective designs are a type of longitudinal design that can be experimental or non-experimental and they are â€Å"studies that begin in the present and end in the future† (Schmidt & Brown, 2012, p. 158). This study was a non-experimental prospective study completed on a population of the elderly followed over a course of a year. This design was appropriate to obtain the necessary data. Subjects were not necessarily assigned to the group but they were c hosen depending on if they lived within five miles of the study, seventy years old or older, and the ability to meet certain criteria.There was no indication of a pilot study having been conducted. Sample/Setting The sampling criteria that had to be met were the individual had to be living in the five mile radius of the study and they had to remain in the area for three years. This research study used simple random sampling for the sampling method; with equal chances of being selected, less risk of bias, and ample representation of the population. People were chosen based on â€Å"ability to understand and communicate in English, ability to walk 20 feet without personal assistance, sufficient vision, and able to live in the area for at least 3 years† (Gangavati, et al. 2011, p. 384). Individuals were assessed with a baseline assessment that included medical history, fall history, cognition, medication, and in-clinic evaluations of balance, and muscle strength. Informed consen t was obtained from all participants by written informed consent. The setting of the study was the community; this setting fit well with the study’s objectives. Measurement, Methods & Instruments Kaplan-Meier curves and Multivariate Cox proportional hazard modeling were used to assess the risk of falls in participants with orthostatic ypotension. Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables. Wilcoxon rank sum was used for continuous variables. A manual sphygmomanometer was used to obtain blood pressure readings. The type of measurement used was physiological measure at the ordinal level of measurement. The authors did discuss the reliability of measurements being obtained with individuals who had been trained in appropriate blood pressure techniques and for potential sources of error. Data Collection The data was collected for the number of falls by mail.The one month calendar was mailed back at the end of each month charting number of falls. Measurements for blood pr essure were taken at 1 minute after standing and 3 minutes after standing, 2 blood pressures were taken while laying supine, and then again after resting 5 minutes. Data was collected by longitudinal design. The data was collected at home by the participant or the caregiver. Data Analysis The data analysis procedures were clearly described using description of follow-up time of truncation.The analysis listed characteristics of the groups and how they were compared. The data analysis procedures were appropriate for the type of data being collected because it was a systematic review of the data that was collected for the research study. Statistical Analyses The analysis included an alpha level of 0. 05 to determine statistical importance. This alpha level indicated that the researchers felt 95% confident in that the risk of falls in the population being tested would be related to uncontrolled hypertension and orthostatic hypotension. LimitationsThe limitations that were identified by this research study was a bias for number of falls through the use of a falls calendar and standing blood pressure was not measured beyond 3 minutes. The findings were also limited because of the population was a majority of Caucasians, and limited to community-dwelling adults. There was also limitation on knowledge of any medication changes during this time. Other limitations I can think of is we do not know if individuals were accurately checking the blood pressure each day or was it just in the preset of the study. Implication of FindingsThe implications for nursing were not clearly described in this study. Some implications for nursing that were not described are to become more aware of orthostatic hypotension upon standing of the elderly and to oversee compliance of hypertensive medications. Further study was suggested in order to confirm findings in a clinical trial setting. Generalization of Findings The authors did generalize the findings in this research study. They did not apply their findings beyond this study. It is not indicated in the study that they applied any findings to the population in general.Format I did not see any spelling, punctuation, or grammatical errors. The sentence structure was good. This research was difficult to interpret at first but after reading it a couple of times and breaking down the information being provided it was more logical. Overall Evaluation The steps of the research process were logically linked together. The hypothesis of this study did make sense based on review of the literature. The method used in this research prospective population-based study and the qualitative data collected did fit well with the intent of the study.The impression this research gave was that individuals over the age of seventy are going undiagnosed with orthostatic hypotension and those with uncontrolled hypertension are at a high risk for falls. Recognition of fall risk is an important subject for me; I can relate to the findings beca use I work with the geriatric population in a long term care facility. Awareness needs to be raised not only to geriatric nurses but all caregivers about the importance in acknowledging the high risk of falls related to hypertension or hypotension. References Gangavati, A. , Hajjar, I. , Quach, L. Jones, R. , Kiely, D. , Gagnon, P. , & Lipsitz, L. (2011). Hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, and the risk of falls in a community-dwelling elderly population: the maintenance of balance, independent living, intellect, and zest in the elderly of Boston study. Journal Of The American Geriatrics Society, 59 (3), 383-389. doi:http://dx. doi. org. ezproxy. liberty. edu:2048/10. 1111/j. 1532-5415. 2011. 03317. x Schmidt, N. , & Brown, J. (2012). Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses: Appraisal and application of research (2 ed. ). Valparaiso, IN: Jones & Bartlett Learning.